When you think about dental health, your focus is likely to be on preventingcavities in your teeth. But it's important to pay attention to your gums, too. Your gums play a major role not only in your dental health, but in your overall well-being.
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In many instances, swollen and bleeding gums are a sign of gum disease. But there are a number of other factors that could be causing your gum problems. Whatever the cause of your sore, painful gums, there are steps you can take to minimize gum damage and discomfort.
Causes of Sore, Swollen, and Bleeding Gums: Improper Brushing Technique
In your quest to keep your teeth clean, you might be tempted to brush your teeth as vigorously as you can. Your gums are made of sensitive tissue, though, so brushing the wrong way could damage them.
Whether you opt for a manual or electric toothbrush, choose one with soft nylon bristles that have blunted ends. Even though you can find brushes with medium or hard bristles, they may damage the enamel on your teeth or cause red and swollen gums.
When you brush, make sure you use gentle, circular motions to massage and clean the teeth and gums. While many people use a back-and-forth motion, this motion can actually irritate and damage your gums, making them sore and more likely to bleed or recede.
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Causes of Sore, Swollen, and Bleeding Gums: Improper Flossing Technique
We all know the importance of flossing every day to help remove plaque from places where your toothbrush cannot reach. To make sure that your healthy habit isn't causing swollen or bleeding gums, be gentle when you floss. Rather than forcing the floss between your teeth, carefully slide it up and down, following the curve of each tooth.
Causes of Sore, Swollen, and Bleeding Gums: Gum Disease
More than three-quarters of American adults over the age of 35 suffer from periodontal (gum) disease. While most people with gum disease have the less severe form, called gingivitis, between 5% and 15% of the population has a much more serious type of gum disease known as periodontitis.
When people do not practice proper dental hygiene, bacteria in the mouth form plaque on the teeth. These bacteria may cause your gums to become inflamed, which results in red, swollen, or bleeding gums. For many people with gingivitis, this inflammation is not painful. If you catch gingivitis early, it can be reversed and healed with proper oral hygiene. But left untreated, gingivitis can worsen and ultimately lead to tooth loss. Be sure to seek medical attention if you have the following symptoms, even if you are not experiencing any discomfort:
- changes in the way teeth fit together on biting, or in the fit of partialdentures
- formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums
- gums that bleed during and after toothbrushing
- loose or shifting teeth
- persistent bad breath or bad taste in the mouth
- receding gums
- red, swollen, or tender gums
When gingivitis progresses, it develops into periodontitis, a condition in which the gums and bones that hold the teeth in place can be severely compromised. The bacteria on the teeth release toxic substances that harm your gums and cause them to become infected. The infection and the inflammation that result when your body attacks the bacteria can degrade your gums and the bones in your jaw. You may experience exceptionally swollen, painful gums that are likely to bleed. If not treated, periodontitis can lead to tooth loss.
Causes of Sore, Swollen, and Bleeding Gums: Canker Sores
Common culprits behind painful gums arecanker sores, or mouth ulcers. These painful sores can develop anywhere inside the mouth, including on the gums, and they often have a whitish center with red around the edges. You may experience one canker sore at a time, making only one area on your gums sore, or you may have multiple sores at the same time throughout your mouth.
While researchers don't know exactly what causes canker sores, and they're not contagious, there may be bacterial or viral involvement. People with certain autoimmune diseases may also be more likely to suffer gum problems caused by canker sores. Canker sores often recur over time.
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Causes of Sore, Swollen, and Bleeding Gums: Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy can have a number of unpleasant side effects, including painful, swollen, and bleeding gums. Many people undergoing treatment forcancer suffer from stomatitis, which causes the development of painful sores and ulcers on the gums and throughout the mouth.
Causes of Sore, Swollen, and Bleeding Gums: Tobacco Products
Using cigarettes and other tobacco products can be extremely damaging to your gums, and people who smoke are far more likely to develop gum disease. You may find that your smoking habit gives you a number of gum problems from sensitive gums that bleed to painful sores.
Causes of Sore, Swollen, and Bleeding Gums: Hormonal Changes
Some women find that they experience gum problems during puberty,menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. The increase in hormones during puberty can heighten blood flow to the gums, making them red, swollen, and sensitive. For women with menstrual gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen, and more likely to bleed shortly before each menstrual period. These problems typically subside after the period begins. Pregnancy gingivitis typically starts in the second or third month of pregnancy and continues through the eighth month, causing sore, swollen, and bleeding gums. The use of oral birth control products may cause similar gum problems. Though uncommon, some women going through menopause may find that their gums become extremely dry and therefore sore and likely to bleed.
- Dr Aman Singh,
M.S. Endodontics
B.D.S. , M.A.D.A., M.I.D.A., M.A.N.T., M.K.D.A.
Ex. National Dental College and Hospital, Chandigarh
For any dental consultation contact: 9988446478, dr.aman@aol.in
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